Where Can I Buy Sodium Bromide
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Sodium bromide is an inorganic compound with the formula NaBr. It is a high-melting white, crystalline solid that resembles sodium chloride. It is a widely used source of the bromide ion and has many applications.[7]
Also known as Sedoneural, sodium bromide has been used as a hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and sedative in medicine, widely used as an anticonvulsant and a sedative in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its action is due to the bromide ion, and for this reason potassium bromide is equally effective. In 1975, bromides were removed from drugs in the U.S. such as Bromo-Seltzer due to toxicity.[10]
Sodium bromide is widely used for the preparation of other bromides in organic synthesis and other areas. It is a source of the bromide nucleophile to convert alkyl chlorides to more reactive alkyl bromides by the Finkelstein reaction:
Because of its high solubility in water (943.2 g/L or 9.16 mol/L, at 25 C) sodium bromide is used to prepare dense drilling fluids used in oil wells to compensate a possible overpressure arising in the fluid column and to counteract the associated trend to blow out. The presence of the sodium cation also causes the bentonite added to the drilling fluid to swell, while the high ionic strength induces bentonite flocculation.
NaBr has a very low toxicity with an oral LD50 estimated at 3.5 g/kg for rats.[6] However, this is a single-dose value. Bromide ion is a cumulative toxin with a relatively long half life (in excess of a week in humans): see potassium bromide.
Establish an immediate bromide reserve in your spa/hot tub with Sodium Bromide! No more waiting after re-filling your spa! Add to new fill water for an instant bromine residual. Just add bromine tablets or shock immediately after using to activate. Reduces the amount of bromine and time it takes to reach the ideal bromine reading of 1-3 ppm. Sodium Bromide is NOT a disinfectant. It is used to establish a reserve of bromide in spa or hot tub water. It is necessary to use a sanitizer to disinfect the water.
The SpaPure Sodium Bromide is the perfect start up product for a bromine based spa. When used while changing water in your hot tub, this product will build up an immediate bromide reserve. Using this product will ensure proper bromine sanitation when refilling your spa.
Bromide has a low acute oral toxicity, with LD50 values in rodents ranging from 3500 to 7000 mg/kg body weight. It is rapidly absorbed and steady-state serum levels have been reached in rats within 4 weeks. The biological half-life of bromide, and consequently the serum levels, are strongly dependent on chloride intake. Feeding of sodium bromide to rats for 90 days in concentrations of 0, 75, 300, 1200, 4800 and 19,200 mg/kg diet led to a complex of changes in the endocrine system, thyroid activation being the most prominent. Furthermore, in the highest dose groups a decrease in spermatogenesis in the testes and decreased secretory activity of the prostate or a reduction in the number of corpora lutea in the ovaries were found. A three-generation reproduction study of the same dietary concentrations showed in the two highest dose groups a decrease in fertility which appeared to be reversible upon bromide withdrawal. Macroscopically, no changes in the offspring were observed. From these studies a no-effect level for bromide ion of 240 mg/kg diet was determined, corresponding to a tentative Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0.12 mg/kg body weight. This is in good agreement with a preliminary ADI of 0.1 mg/kg established in an experiment with human volunteers, but is considerably lower than the ADI of 1 mg/kg estimated by FAO/WHO. It is suggested that bromide exerts an inhibitory effect on the thyroid, resulting in an increased hormonal stimulation of this organ by the pituitary gland.
If you add sodium bromide to a pool or spa it combines with chlorine to form bromine. Bromine is a disinfectent and when bromine disinfects, it forms bromamines (analagous to chloramine). When any future chlorine product is added, the bromamines reconvert to bromine and the cycle repeats.[1]
So you can see from the above cycle, that you don't get rid of bromide/bromine except by its physical removal from the water. This is very different than chlorine which goes to chloride (salt) and stays there.
Sodium bromide is never a good solution for a home owner maintaining a residential pool. It costs extra, adds complexity, covers up underlying problems, and if not used correctly makes things worse than they were to start with.[3]
Sodium bromide has become popular because so many people have high CYA levels. Sodium bromide can help get some sanitizer into the pool that will be effective even when your CYA level is too high. It is far far better to simply lower the CYA level. If you do that, not only is the current problem solved, but many future problems are also solved.
Sodium bromide can be handy for pool services that only show up once a week as a quick fix that gets around underlying problems. In that context, it does have it's uses. However, the \"default\" context here, if you don't say otherwise, is the home owner taking care of their own pool. In that context sodium bromide adds complexity and hides the underlying problem of high CYA.
Adding sodium bromide to a chlorine pool essentially turns it into a bromine pool.[4] The idea that the bromine is gone in 24 hours is pretty much without merit. As soon as chlorine is introduced into the pool, it converts it back to active bromine. It takes a long while to get rid of all the bromine from even just one treatment. Bromine based algaecides are not recommended either for the same reason.
There is no easy way to measure bromide levels or any need to do so. Once you add the initial amount of sodium bromide, the reserve stays in the water. Any oxidizer - ozone, chlorine or MPS - will convert some of the bromide into bromine.[6]
As for bromine, the tests are for halogen where bromine and chlorine will both react whether it is an OTO, DPD or FAS-DPD test. The only difference is that technically bromine is 2.25 times heavier than chlorine which is why the test kits have dual scales with bromine twice as high as chlorine.
If you measure a zero bromine reading, that just means there is no bromine or chlorine, but it does not mean there is no bromide. Any chlorine that is then added to the water would then reactivate the bromide to bromine and would show up in your test kit as if you had chlorine, but it's really bromine because the test kit does not know the difference.
It's commonly repeated that sodium bromide has been banned in Canada, that Health Canada considers bromine to be unsafe for hot tubs, and other such things. While it is true that certain sodium bromide products have been found to have health risks, and banned for sale by regulations from Health Canada, the truth is that sodium bromide is still legal, and found to be safe by Health Canada for other uses including the main \"waterbear\" bromine method found in this forum.[10]
That's it. If you are using sodium bromide in a spa without using electrolysis (saltwater generator), ozonation, UV, or MPS, then Health Canada has not only deemed use of sodium bromide legal, but safe as well. From Health Canada:
With respect to human health, risks of concern were identified for the use of sodium bromide products used in combination with bromine electrolysis devices and sodium bromide spa sanitizers used in combination with potassium monopersulfate. No risks of concern were identified for all other uses of sodium bromide when used according to the revised label directions. Also when used according to the revised label directions, sodium bromide is not expected to pose risks of concern to the environment.
Liquid chlorine (bleach) is supposed to be better at activating bromide into bromine with fewer dissolved solids (sulphites) anyway, so that's generally not recommended on this forum anyway. Neither ozonation or UV are necessary for a bromine spa, so if your tub is so equipped and you'd like to use bromine legally and safely, you could disable or remove the UV/ozonation equipment.
So why is pure sodium bromide hard to find, then A guess is that electrolysis and MPS formed the majority of applications for bromine, and these applications are now not permitted. Secondly, a lot of the misinformation and confusion about sodium bromide has led people to thinking that it's not allowed in Canada, and that they shouldn't be buying it, further decreasing the demand for it in stores. Finally, the Health Canada regulations require labeling to the effect that sodium bromide shouldn't be used in combination with electrolysis, ozonation or UV, and that manufacturers and retailers have determined that it isn't worth the hassle to update product labels for the admittedly small market for sodium bromide.
The good news is that since it's legal, it's still possible to find and order sodium bromide, despite it being more difficult to find in stores, and still safe for use as long as you are using it as directed, without MPS, ozonation, or UV.
Just like traditional chlorine, Bromine can be introduced to the water in the form of granules, powder, or even liquid. These products are very common under many different brands and can be found at almost every hot tub dealership. These \"hockey pucks\" contain part bromine and part chlorine (which is used as the oxidizer to activate the bromide). Users simply add the required quantity of BCDMH into their tubs in order to build the required bank, and then maintain it. This type of product requires regular addition of chemicals in order to keep enough residual sanitizer. Along with having to be present on the site regularly and take the time to add chemicals and re-balance the water, the residual build up from frequent topping up may increase scaling and could cause skin irritation, requiring more frequent dumping of the spa water.
Further, all chlorine swimming pools and spa electrolysis devices will indicate they are not to be used with sodium bromide products. Any remaining sodium bromide swimming pools or spa products must not be used in combination with electrolysis, ozonation, or UV. 59ce067264
